Glossary
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Algorithm
A procedure or mathematical function or rule for solving a problem.
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Artificial Intelligence
A discipline of engineering and science to create machines capable of being and acting intelligently, with the
added benefit of not being constricted of biological constraints that occurs with human intelligence.
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Artificial Life
In AI, software evolved or grown within a computer system that exhibits many of the properties of living systems: aka as the acronym MRS GREN:
- Movement
- Reproduction
- Sensitivity
- Growth
- Excretion
- Nutrition
This key differentiator between this and AI is that, AI is completely designed by humans from the top-down whereas this is the evolving of self-organising systems within the computer, bottom-up.
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Bit String
A group of 1's and 0's of arbitrary length. Commonly used as the traditional representation of
individuals in Genetic Algorithms that defines the search space.
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Cipher
In cryptology, an algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt data so only those with a c
ipher's algorithm can convert data into meaningful information.
Application of Genetic Algorithms.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, is the compressed code that defines everyone and everything on Earth. In AI, it refers to artificial life where human DNA is analgous with the genetic code for artificial organisms - also known as 'virtual DNA'.
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Evolution
The gradual process of change in the genetic make-up of a population of organisms over time. This process of change is driven by natural selection.
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Evolutionary Art
Creating images by simulated evolution inside a computer, guided by an artist's aesthetic fitness selection. Pioneers of this art art are Karl Sims and Richard Dawkins .
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Evolutionary Computation
Aka 'Genetic and Evolutionary Computation' is a division of AI that deals
with the problems involving search optimisation by imitating Darwinian
Natural Selection
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Financial Modelling
Computer based construction of to mathematically represent a company's finances, based on an predictions of market state.
Application of Genetic Algorithms.
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Fitness
Is a means of computing how well the organism is adapted, 'fitted', for its environment, compared to other organisms. The greater the score of fitness, the higher the likely-hood of surviving and mating.
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Genotype
The actual genetic code of an organism, it's DNA. This is distingushable from it's phenotype.
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Individuals
Refers to the possible solutions, which the Genetic Algorithms works upon. The equivalent of a biological organism.
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Metaheuristic
Metaheuristic is a heuristic method for solving a very general class of computational problems
for which there is no satisfactory problem-specific algorithm or heuristic.
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Natural Selection
Natural selection is the process by which individual organisms
with favourable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Natural selection works on the whole individual,
but only the heritable component of a favourable trait will be passed on to the offspring with the effect that the offspring will be a 'better' organism.
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Optimisation
In mathematics, it is problem solving approach concerned with finding a maxima or minima of a function. The function's Domain of possible solutions is called the search space
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Phenotype
The physical body of the organism, used commonly when discussing genotype.
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Search Space
Search Space is the set of possible solutions to a problem, incorporating some notion of differentiation between candidates as a distance in this hypothetical space. The correct solution will be near the optimal point.
Use in Mathematical Optimisation.
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Survival of the Fittest
Survival of the fittest is a phrase which is a shorthand for a concept relating to competition for survival or predominance.
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Tactical Asset Allocation
A strategy that analyzes and adjusts the percentage of assets held in various categories so as to take advantage of
market pricing anomalies or strong market sectors.
Application of Genetic Algorithms.
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Travelling Salesman Problem
In Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory, Travelling Salesman Problem is a form of Network Analysis to find the cheapest
or shortest route between 2 nodes.
Application of Genetic Algorithms.
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X Chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and most other mammals. The other is the X Chromosome.
These genes determine gender.
Y Chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and most other mammals, passed to the offspring from the farther. The other is the X Chromosome. These genes determine gender.
Zygote
In sexual reproduction, this is the formation of a fertilised female gamete ( a sex cell = male:sperm; female:egg).
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