Paper

Spiking neural networks work by simulating the membrane potential of biological neurons. Unlike artificial neural networks spiking ones attempt to model the biological neurons that build up our brains. So while ANNs are inspired by biological brains, SNNs try to create them.

MapReduce requires the data chunks to be processed independently. This processing model is unsuitable for many graph models in which a calculation often requires knowledge about calculations done for other nodes. This issue is exactly what Pregel tackles with message passing.