Robert Kowalski Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Fellow Department of Computing Imperial College London 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UK. Email: rak at doc.ic.ac.uk

A Preliminary Selection of Flint Artefacts
Collected from the Vicinity of Petworth, West Sussex

Entry in the International Directory of Logicians

"International Directory of Logicians" , Dov M. Gabbay & John Woods (eds.) College Publications 2008.

Curriculum Vitae

A Short Story of My Life and Work

New paper: Integrating Logic Programming and Production Systems in Abductive Logic Programming Agents(with Fariba Sadri)

In Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (eds. A. Polleres and T. Swift) Springer, LNCS 5837. 2009.

In this paper we argue the case for integrating the distinctive functionalities of logic programs and production systems within an abductive logic programming agent framework. In this framework, logic programs function as an agent’s beliefs and production rules function as the agent’s goals. The semantics and proof procedures are based on abductive logic programming, in which logic programs are integrated with integrity constraints that behave like production rules.
Similarly to production systems, the proof procedure is an operational semantics, which manipulates the current state of a database, which is modified by actions implemented by destructive assignment. The semantics can be viewed as generating a model, based on the sequence of database states and logic program, which makes the production rules true.

New paper: Assumption-Based Argumentation

(with Phan Minh Dung and Francesca Toni)

In Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence edited by I. Rahwan and G. Simari) Springer, 2009.

Draft book: How to be Artificially Intelligent

I am writing a book, to be published by Cambridge University Press, which presents the principles of Computational Logic informally, so that they can be applied by people in everyday life.  I have written the book informally, both to reach a wider audience and to demonstrate that the enhanced logic is indeed useful for human thinking. 

I gave a short course based on this book at the The International Center for Computational Logic (ICCL)  2008 summer school on Computational Logic and Cognitive Science. A copy of the slides that accompanied the course can be found at:

http://www.computational-logic.org/content/events/iccl-ss-2008/lectures.php?id=24

Jacinto Davila has also used a draft of this book for a course at Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela. Here is a link to his Spanish translation of an earlier draft:

http://webdelprofesor.ula.ve/ingenieria/jacinto/kowalski/logica-de-agentes.html

I would be very grateful for any comments on the book. Please send them to me at rak at doc.ic.ac.uk.

Logic for Problem Solving

The book, originally published by North-Holland in 1979, is now out of print.

• Chapter 0 Table of Contents  290KB   
• Chapter 1 Introduction  611KB
• Chapter 2 Representation in Clausal Form   713KB
• Chapter 3 Top-down and Bottom-up Proof Procedures   626 KB
• Chapter 4 Horn Clause Problem Solving 866K
• Chapter 5 The Procedural Interpretation of Horn Clauses   856
• Chapter 6 Plan Formation and the Frame Problem   393KB 
• Chapter 7 Resolution  344KB
• Chapter 8 The Connection Graph Proof Procedure   426KB    
• Chapter 9 Global Problem Solving Strategies   393KB    
• Chapter 10 Comparison of Clausal Form with Standard Form   469KB
• Chapter 11 If-and-only-if  398KB
• Chapter 12 Formalisation of Provability   449KB
• Chapter 13 Logic, Change and Contradiction   344KB    
• References  490KB    
• Index  288KB    

Selected bibliography

Early papers on theorem-proving, logic programming and knowledge representation:

• Kowalski, R. and Kuehner, D., Linear Resolution with Selection Function
  In Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2, 1971, pp. 227-60.
  Reprinted in Anthology of Automated Theorem-Proving Papers, Vol. 2, Springer-Verlag, 1983, pp. 542-577.
   

• Kowalski, R., Predicate Logic as Programming Language  

  In Proceedings IFIP Congress, Stockholm, North Holland Publishing Co., 1974, pp. 569-574.

  Reprinted in Computers for Artificial Intelligence Applications, (eds. Wah, B. and Li, G.-J.), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Angeles, 1986, pp. 68-73.

• Kowalski, R. A Proof Procedure Using Connection Graphs 
  In JACM Vol. 22, No. 4, 1975, pp. 572-595.
   

• van Emden, M. and Kowalski, R. The Semantics of Predicate Logic as a Programming Language 
  In JACM , Vol. 23, No. 4, 1976, pp. 733-742.
   

• Deliyanni, A. and Kowalski, R. Logic and Semantic Networks 
  In CACM, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1979, pp. 184-192.
   

• Kowalski, R. Algorithm = Logic + Control 
  In CACM, Vol. 22, No. 7, 1979, pp. 424-436. Reprinted in Programming Languages: A Grand Tour, Third Edition,      (ed. E. Horwitz),
  Computer Science Press, Maryland, 1986, pp. 480-492.
   

• Kowalski, R. The Relationship between Logic Programming and Logic Specification 
  In Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, Vol 312, 1984, pp. 345-361.
   

• Kowalski, R.  The Limitations of Logic 
  In Proceedings of ACM Computer Science Conference, 1986, pp 7-13. Revised version in Proceedings of SEAS, Heidelberg, 1986, pp. 1-13. Also in Knowledge Base Management Systems, (eds. C. Thanos and J. W. Schmidt), Springer-Verlag, pp. 477-489.

• Kowalski, R., Sadri, F. and Soper, P. Integrity Checking in Deductive Databases 
  In Proceedings of VLDB, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, Ca., 1987, pp. 61-69.
   

• Kowalski, R. The Early Years of Logic Programming 
  In CACM, 1988, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 38-43.

Legal reasoning and argumentation

• Sergot, M., Sadri, F., Kowalski, R., Kriwaczek, F., Hammond, P., and Cory,T.  The British Nationality Act as a Logic Program 
  In CACM, Vol. 29, No. 5, 1986, pp. 370-386.
   

• Kowalski, R. The Treatment of Negation in Logic Programs for Representing Legislation 
  In Proceedings of Second International Conference on AI and Law, (ed. E. Rissland) Vancouver, Canada, ACM Press, 1989, pp. 11-15.

• R. Kowalski,
  Legislation as Logic Programs
  In: Logic Programming in Action (eds. G. Comyn , N. E. Fuchs, M. J. Ratcliffe), Springer Verlag, pages 203-230 (1992) 

• R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  Argument and Reconciliation ,
  In: International Symposium on Fifth Generation Computer Systems '94, Workshop on Legal Reasoning, Tokyo, pages 9-16 (1994)

• R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  Abstract Argumentation ,
  In: Artificial Intelligence and Law Journal 4(3-4), Special Issue on Logical Models of Argumentation, H. Prakken and G. Sartor, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pages 275-296 (1996)

Metalogic programming

• Kowalski, R. and Kim, J. S.  A Metalogic Programming Approach to Multi-Agent Knowledge and Belief 
  In Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation (ed. V. Lifschitz), Academic Press, 1991, pp. 231-246.
   

• R. Kowalski,
  Logic without Model Theory ,
  In: What is a logical system?, D. Gabbay ed., Oxford University Press (1995)

Event Calculus

• Kowalski, R. and Sergot, M. A Logic-based Calculus of Events 
  In New Generation Computing, Vol. 4, No.1, February 1986, pp. 67-95. Also in Knowledge Base Management-Systems, (eds. C. Thanos and J. W. Schmidt), Springer-Verlag, pp. 23-51. Also in The Language of Time: A Reader (eds. Inderjeet Mani, J. Pustejovsky, and R. Gaizauskas) Oxford University Press. 2005.

• Kowalski, R. Database Updates in the Event Calculus 
  In Journal of Logic Programming, 1992, Vol. 12, No. 162, pp. 121-146.

R. Kowalski, F. Sadri,
The situation calculus and event calculus compared ,
In: Proc. International Logic Programming Symposium, ILPS'94 (1994)

• F. Sadri, R. Kowalski,
  Variants of the event calculus , In: Proc. International Conference on Logic Programming, L. Sterling, ed., MIT Press (1995)

• R. Kowalski, F. Sadri,
  Reconciling the Situation Calculus and Event Calculus ,
  In: Journal of Logic Programming Vol. 31, pages 39-58, Special Issue on Reasoning about Action and Change (1997)

Abductive Logic Programming 

• A.C. Kakas, R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  Abductive logic programming ,
  In: Journal of Logic and Computation 2(6) pages 719-770 (1992)

• R. Kowalski, F. Toni, G. Wetzel,
  Towards a declarative and efficient glass-box CLP language ,
  In: Proc. of Logic Programming Workshop WLP'94, N. Fuchs and G. Gottlob, eds., Zurich (1994)

• F. Toni, R. Kowalski,
  Reduction of abductive logic programs to normal logic programs ,
  In: Proc. International Conference on Logic Programming, L. Sterling, ed., MIT Press, pages 367-381 (1995)

• G. Wetzel, R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  A Theorem-Proving Approach to CLP,
  In: Proc. of Logic Programming Workshop WLP'95, A. Krall and U. Geske, eds., Vienna (1995)

• R. Kowalski, G. Wetzel, F. Toni,
  A Unifying Framework for ALP, CLP and SQO ,
  Technical Report, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London (1996)

• Fung, T.H. and  Kowalski, R.

  The IFF Proof Procedure for Abductive Logic Programming. Journal of Logic Programming, 1997.

• A. C. Kakas, R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  The Role of Abduction in Logic Programming ,
  In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming 5, pages 235-324, D.M. Gabbay, C.J. Hogger and J.A. Robinson eds., Oxford University Press  (1998)

• R.A. Kowalski, F. Toni, G. Wetzel,
  Executing Suspended Logic Programs ,
  In: Fundamenta Informatica 34 (3) (1998)

From Abduction to Argumentation

• A. Bondarenko, F. Toni, R. Kowalski,
  An Assumption-based Framework for Non-monotonic Reasoning ,
  In: Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning, L.M. Pereira and A. Nerode, eds., pages 171-189 (1993)

• F. Toni, R. Kowalski,
  An argumentation-theoretic approach to logic program transformation ,
  In: Proc. LOPSTR'95, International Workshop on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation, M. Proietti ed., LNCS 1048, Springer Verlag, pages 61-75 (1995)

• P.M. Dung, R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  Synthesis of proof procedures for default reasoning ,
  In: Proc. LOPSTR'96, International Workshop on Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation, J. Gallagher ed., LNCS 1207, Springer Verlag, pages 313-324 (1996)

• A. Bondarenko, P.M. Dung, R. Kowalski, F. Toni,
  An abstract, argumentation-theoretic approach to default reasoning,
  In: Artificial Intelligence 93(1-2) pages 63-101 (1997)

• Dung, P. M., Kowalski, R., and Toni, F.  Dialectic proof procedures for assumption-based, admissible argumentation , Journal of Artificial Intelligence 170(2), February 2006, pp. 114-159

Intelligent Agents

• Kowalski, R., Logic-based Open Systems, Department of Computing, Imperial College, 1985
  In Representation and Reasoning. Jakob ph. Hoepelman (Hg.) Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1988, pp. 125-134.

• R. Kowalski,
  Using metalogic to reconcile reactive with rational agents ,
  In: Meta-Logics and Logic Programming (K. Apt and F. Turini, eds.), MIT Press (1995)

• R. Kowalski, F. Sadri,
  Towards a unified agent architecture that combines rationality with reactivity ,
  In: Proc. International Workshop on Logic in Databases, San Miniato, Italy, Springer- Verlag, LNCS 1154 (1996)

• R. Kowalski, F. Sadri,
  An Agent Architecture that Unifies Rationality with Reactivity ,
  Department of Computing, Imperial College (1997)

• R. Kowalski, F. Sadri,
  From Logic Programming towards Multi-agent Systems ,
  In: Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence Volume 25, pages 391-419  (1999)

• R. Kowalski,
  Artificial intelligence and the Natural World ,
  Cognitive Processing, Volume 2 (2001) 

• R. Kowalski, The Logical Way to be Artificially Intelligent In Proceedings of CLIMA V (eds. F. Toni and P. Torroni) Springer Verlag, LNAI, 2006, pp. 1-22 (This is a somewhat more technical summary of the book "How to be Artificially Intelligent – the Logical Way " above.)

   Relatively recent, miscellaneous papers

• R. Kowalski,
  Logic Programming
  MIT Encyclopaedia of Cognitive Science (eds. R A Wilson and F C Keil) MIT Press (1999)

• R. Kowalski,
  Logic Programming and the Real World
  Logic Programming Newsletter. January 2001

• R. Kowalski,
  Directions for Logic Programming
  Computational Logic: Logic Programming and Beyond (eds. A C Kakas and F Sadri) Springer, 2002, 26-32.

• R. Kowalski,
  A logic-based model for conflict resolution  April 2003.

• R. Kowalski,
  Logic and Modularity  April 2005.

• R. Kowalski,

  Computational Logic as a Dual Process Model of Thought  February 2006.

   

• R.A. Kowalski, Computational Logic in an Object-Oriented World In: Reasoning, Action and Interaction in AI Theories and Systems - Festschrift in Honor of Luigia Carlucci Aiello. (eds. O. Stock, M. Schaerf) Springer Verlag, LNAI, 2006.

• R. Kowalski, From Mathematical Logic, to Natural Language, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Thinking Andrzej Mostowski and Foundational Studies (Eds. A. Ehrenfeucht, V.W. Marek and M. Srebrny) IOS Press, 2008
  
   

last updated 4 February 2010